The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 seasons.